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    September 26

    正义

    人是正义反映的主体,也是评价正义的主体.在伦理学中,通常指人们按一定道德标准所应当作的事,也指一种道德评价,即公正。“正义”一词,在中国最早见于《荀子》:“不学问,无正义,以富利为隆,是俗人者也。”正义观念萌于原始人的平等观,形成于私有财产出现后的社会。古希腊哲学家柏拉图认为,人们按自己的等级做应当做的事就是正义。马克思主义伦理学认为,正义与否的客观标准主要在于其行为是否符合社会发展的要求与广大群众的利益。
        在汉语里,正义即公正的道理,与公平、公道、正直、正当等相联。在英文中,justice一词,具有正义、正当、公平、公正等意思。
    正义,即对政治法律道德领域中的是非善恶作出的肯定判断。正义即公平、公正。正义是法源之一,更是法的追求与归宿。社会的形成归于人的产生和结合,社会对人的分工、分配起着重要作用,个人得不到与他人平等的地位、待遇,往往归结于社会的不正义(公平)在远古最原始的社会形成时,有了原始的劳动成果的分配,人们就开始了关于正义的讨论。至于何种行为与状态是正义的,用不同的标准、角度和站在不同的立场上,其观察和得出的结论往往是不同的。田多稻认为,当法律立足于正义,可以使正义的概念得到升华,道德立足于正义时更能让正义升华!法律与正义是相互联系,相互促进的,正义对法律发展起了一定的推动作用。正义作为法律追求的最高目标,是作为区别良法恶法的标准,始终是法律进化的精神驱动力。



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